温室白粉虱在蔬菜田的发生消长规律和防治试验

田间调查表明,温室白粉虱在蔬菜田的发生可分为春季始迁期、春夏缓增期、夏季峰值期、秋季减退期和越冬回迁期5个时期。各种虫态在大棚内均可周年繁殖为害,露地蔬菜田发生期为4~11月。黄板诱杀可消灭大量成虫;叶面喷洒粉虱通杀防治效果良好。     

蜡蚧轮枝菌的发酵培养及其代谢产物对害虫毒杀作用的初步研究

研究表明,蜡蚧轮枝菌(Verticillium lecanii(Zimm.))在2种液体和5种固体培养基中发酵比较,以麦芽汁液体和小米粒固体培养基中的产孢量和分生孢子活力较高。液体发酵5～12 d 的代谢产物粗提物(稀释10倍)对温室白粉虱成虫的毒杀作用,以发酵7 d 的为最好,24 h 校正死亡率为50.18%,但与发酵5 d 的(34.18%)无显著差异(P<0.05)。代谢产物粗提物对棉铃虫、麦长管蚜的触杀作用较好,对瓜蚜次之,对桃蚜最差。如试验24 h,稀释5倍的代谢产物杀虫校正死亡率,麦长管蚜66.7%、棉铃虫66.7%、瓜蚜48.8%、桃蚜23.4%。稀释2倍时,24 h 瓜蚜的校正死亡率为78.8%,略高于氰戊菊酯(7768mg·L~(-1))的毒杀作用(77.2%)。说明该菌代谢产物中具有杀虫活性物质,值得进一步研究利用。     

昆虫病原真菌在当前和未来的温室生态系统中的作用

There are several biopesticides based on entomopathogenic fungi available in the market for use against insect pests in greenhouse ecosystems.Although most are compatible for use with predators and parasitoids in greenhouse ecosystems,much more research is needed to determine the intraguild interactions for each combination of host, pathogen, predator, and parasitoid.Our research has demonstrated that, although direct effects on the predators could be demonstrated in laboratory bioassays, different results were found under greenhouse conditions, indicating that results obtained in the laboratory may be a poor predictor of what occurs in the greenhouse.In both cases, additive effects were obtained under greenhouse conditions,demonstrating compatibility. In addition, there is increasing evidence that entomopathogenic fungi have significant potential for dual management of invertebrate pests and plant pathogens.Our studies demonstrated that 3 species of Lecanicillium had significant effects on both aphids and cucumber powdery mildew, Sphaerotheca fuliginea;that the fungus Paecilomyces fumosoroseus was compatible with a mirid predator,Disyphus hesperus,when used concurrently against greenhouse whitefly,Trialeurodes vaporariorum;and that Lecaniciullium longisporum was compatible with a predatory midge,Aphidoletes aphidimyza when used concurrently against green peach aphids.     

烟粉虱与温室白粉虱内共生菌的分子比较研究

利用PCR技术对烟粉虱与温室白粉虱内共生菌进行分子比较研究 ,筛选出C、D、G和H等 4对引物 ,分别能够扩增出烟粉虱内共生菌的groEL基因、初生内共生菌与次生内共生菌的1 6SrDNA基因 ,与GenBank中相应序列的同源性分别为 99%、99 5 8%、98%和 98% ,而不能从温室白粉虱内共生菌中扩增出该类基因 ,表明烟粉虱与温室白粉虱内共生菌存在分子差异     

烟粉虱和温室白粉虱在相同生境下的种间竞争研究

为确定烟粉虱(Bemisia tabaci)和温室白粉虱(Trialeurodes vaporariorum)在室内自然条件下对寄主植物的选择性和种间竞争。2008年研究了2种粉虱在茄子、黄瓜、番茄、辣椒4种寄主植物上的适应性和种间竞争,茄子上烟粉虱和温室白粉虱不同起始种群数量二者间的竞争,温室白粉虱对南瓜和茄子的喜好。结果表明：4种寄主植物上,相同基数的2种试虫,烟粉虱建立种群的能力大于温室白粉虱,在茄子上表现尤为明显;在茄子上不同种群基数的竞争条件下,烟粉虱最终可将温室白粉虱取代;温室白粉虱在养虫笼小生境下对南瓜的喜好略大于茄子。表明在同一生境条件下烟粉虱较温室白粉虱有更强的种间竞争能力。     

温室白粉虱对常用杀虫剂的抗药性监测

采用药膜法测定了山西境内大同、太原、晋中、临汾、运城等五个地区温室白粉虱(Trialeurodes vaporario-rum)成虫对吡虫啉、啶虫脒、阿维菌素、联苯菊酯和溴氰菊酯5种杀虫剂的敏感性,测定结果表明:5个地区温室白粉虱成虫对阿维菌素的抗性倍数分别为14.3、24.8、24.8、33.7、27.6倍,已产生中等水平抗性;晋中、临汾、运城种群对啶虫脒的抗性倍数分别为15.7、11.6和16.9倍,达中抗水平;晋中地区白粉虱对吡虫啉的抗性倍数为15.7倍,达到中抗水平;其余均为低抗或无明显抗性。     

温室白粉虱发生规律及综合防治技术

根据南宁市蔬菜研究所和周边温室白粉虱的发生规律,从农业防治、生物防治、化学防治等方面综合介绍温室白粉虱的综合防治技术。     

Criniviruses associated with cucurbit yellows disease in Greece and Cyprus: an ever-changing scene

Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus (CYSDV), Cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus (CCYV) and Beet pseudo-yellows virus (BPYV) are whitefly-transmitted criniviruses that cause foliar interveinal yellowing symptoms and result in high economic losses for cucurbit production. CYSDV and CCYV are transmitted by Bemisia tabaci, whereas BPYV is transmitted by Trialeurodes vaporariorum. During 2012–2017, an extensive survey was conducted to identify the viruses causing cucurbit yellows disease in Greece and Cyprus. The study sampled the main cucurbits and alternative hosts in these regions to determine crinivirus incidence, to identify the whitefly species present in the two countries and to characterize molecularly the virus populations. Results showed that CYSDV was the most widespread virus in Greece (49.9%), followed by CCYV (20.3%) and BPYV (18.4%). Bemisia tabaci and T. vaporariorum were identified in 54.5% and 45.6% of whitefly samples, respectively. In Cyprus, CYSDV was predominant (96.7%), followed by CCYV (19.2%), while no BPYV infection was detected. Approximately 15% of weed samples from 17 different species that belong to 12 botanical families were identified as hosts for one or more of these criniviruses. Finally, sequencing of the capsid protein gene of the crinivirus isolates revealed very low levels of genetic diversity, further supporting the genetic stability of crinivirus populations. The results of this long-lasting epidemiological study in two countries of the eastern Mediterranean revealed substantial changes in the relative incidence and distribution of cucurbit-infecting criniviruses and their whitefly vectors over the past 15 years, suggesting the need for adoption of novel management strategies.     

辣椒碱与3种药剂对温室白粉虱的联合毒力

为了筛选出对温室白粉虱 Trialeurodes vaporariorum 具有增效作用的农药复配组合, 室内采用玻璃管饲喂法测定了辣椒碱与吡虫啉?溴氰虫酰胺?苦参碱复配对温室白粉虱初羽化成虫的联合毒力, 并以共毒因子法与共毒系数法对各复配组合的联合毒力进行评价?试验结果表明, 共毒因子大于20的配比共6组, 进一步细化配比后筛选出共毒系数大于120的复配组合, 其中14组具有增效作用, 辣椒碱分别与吡虫啉?溴氰虫酰胺?苦参碱按287∶1?1 558∶1?423∶1复配时增效作用最显著, 其共毒系数分别为257.89?255.65?248.80, LC50分别为31.83?128.07?98.87 mg/L?辣椒碱与吡虫啉按287∶1复配为最佳复配组合?     

Comparative whitefly transmission of Tomato chlorosis virus and Tomato infectious chlorosis virus from single or mixed infections

Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) and Tomato infectious chlorosis virus (TICV) are two criniviruses that are emerging worldwide, and induce similar yellowing diseases in tomato crops. While TICV is transmitted only by Trialeurodes vaporariorum , ToCV is transmitted by three whitefly species in two genera Trialeurodes vaporariorum , T. abutilonea and Bemisia tabaci . The efficiency of transmission by T. vaporariorum from plants infected by one virus or by both was compared, and the probability of virus transmission by a single whitefly was derived from group testing experiments. The estimated transmission probabilities ranged from 0·01 to 0·13, and were not significantly different between ToCV and TICV, or between single and mixed infections. Experiments using B. tabaci as a vector and source plants infected by TICV and ToCV did not reveal any functional trans-complementation for transmission of TICV by ToCV, suggesting that if this phenomenon occurs in nature, it is at a very low frequency. Possible reasons why TICV did not establish in southern France while ToCV is now endemic are discussed.